ABSTRACT
Caffeic acid (CA; 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic compound obtained by the phenylpropanoid pathway. This natural product has antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. It is also a precursor of CA phenethyl ester (CAPE), a compound with potential as an antidiabetic and liver-protective agent. CA can be found at low concentrations in plant tissues, and hence, its purification is difficult and expensive. Knowledge regarding the pathways, enzymes, and genes involved in CA biosynthesis has paved the way for enabling the design and construction of microbial strains with the capacity of synthesizing this metabolite. In this review, metabolic engineering strategies for the generation of Escherichia coli strains for the biotechnological production of CA are presented and discussed.
Subject(s)
Caffeic Acids/metabolism , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Metabolic Engineering/methods , Biological Products , Biotechnology , Coumaric AcidsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the enhancing effect of Borneolum Syntheticum and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma on penetrating blood-brain barrier (BBB) of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in rat. Methods: The concentration of HSYA in rat plasma and brain was determinated after ig administration of 20.00 mg/kg of HSYA to rats with or without Borneolum Syntheticum and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma. And then, the character of penetrating BBB through the result of the AUCbrain/AUCbloodwas evaluated. Results: The AUC 0-8h, were (77 228.76±2 873.19), (81 949.04±2 283.11), and (28 479.63±2 431.71) ng·mL-1·min for blood and (55 925.0± 2 434.28), (82 768.53 ±3 277.00), and (70 914.29 ±2 900.71) ng·mL-1·min for brain of the control group, Borneolum Syntheticum group, and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma group. The AUCbrain/AUCblood, were 0.72, 1.01, and 2.49, respectively. Conclusion: Borneolum Syntheticum and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma do enhance the penetrating BBB of HSYA (P<0.05). Further more, Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma could affect the distribution of HSYA in rats.